Autobiographies de l'enfance - un siècle et deux écrivains dans la ville lumière

A escrita do eu é um tema recorrente na literatura e na crítica literária actuais. Com ela problematiza-se o funcionamento da memória, a estetização do discurso subjectivo, entre outros aspetos da escrita literária na primeira pessoa. Propõe-se aqui a revisitação dos eus longínquos da infância de dois escritores que usaram o Francês como língua literária, e lembram, avançados na idade, as crianças que foram em Paris, há um século. Nathalie Sarraute e Jean-Paul Sartre recriaram-se meninos em Enfance e Les mots, autobiografias das infâncias de escritores, cujo compte rendu é publicado aos 59 anos de Sartre (1964) e aos 83 anos de Nathalie Sarraute (1984). Estes textos podem ser lidos como testemunhos de um desejo de compreensão dos indícios, na infância, daquilo que na vida adulta viriam a ser - escritores. Ao contar os seus mundos, distantes no tempo, reencontram-se e reinventam-se, a si próprios e à linguagem: às palavras, ao uso das palavras

O Direito Internacional e a Ingerência Humanitária: o poder/dever da intervenção armada

Nas últimas décadas, na comunidade internacional, assistimos ao reconhecimento de um aspecto muito particular do direito internacional humanitário, vulgarmente denominado por “direito de ingerência”. A concepção actual do “direito de ingerência”, com a consolidação do conceito de ius cogens, enquanto limite jurídico imperativo erga omnes, veio abalar a estrutura clássica do direito internacional, particularmente, no que respeita ao alcance e extensão do princípio da soberania dos Estados e ao decorrente princípio da não ingerência nos assuntos internos dos Estados. Por outro lado, o progressivo avanço no reconhecimento, cada vez mais alargado e consensual, das matérias de cariz humanitário, tem vindo a alargar o âmbito da jurisdição internacional e consequentemente a limitar o âmbito do conceito de “reserva de Estado”. Neste percurso, torna-se absolutamente necessário aprofundar a apreciação conceptual e a verificação dos termos da sedimentação dos instrumentos de tutela jurídica internacional adequados a garantir a inderrogabilidade do direito imperativo

Caracterização e conservação das populações de cágado-de-carapaça-estriada (Emys orbicularis) e cágado-mediterrânico(Mauremys leprosa) na Reserva Natural Local do Paul de Tornada

A introdução de tartarugas exóticas como resultado do comércio de animais de estimação é uma das principais problemáticas para a conservação das tartarugas de água doce autóctones na Europa. Em Portugal existem duas espécies autóctones, Mauremys leprosa e Emys orbicularis. A segunda encontra-se “Em perigo”, apresentando uma distribuição muito fragmentada, sendo a Reserva Natural Local do Paul de Tornada um dos poucos locais em que a espécie ocorre a norte do Tejo. Com este estudo pretendeu-se avaliar a estrutura e estimar efetivos das populações autóctones na RNL-PT, utilizando técnicas de captura-recaptura com recurso a armadilhas. Foram ainda realizados inquéritos de forma a analisar o risco de invasão de espécies exóticas. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma população de E. orbicularis muito vulnerável e com uma densidade muito reduzida. M. leprosa apresenta uma abundância superior, mas o envelhecimento da população é também um fator preocupante. Os dados obtidos neste estudo revelaram a extrema importância da gestão desta área e foram propostas medidas concretas de conservação das populações autóctones; Conservation of European pound turtle (Emys orbicularis) and Mediterranean turtle (Mauremys leprosa) in the Local Natural Reserve of Paul de Tornada. Abstract: The introduction of exotic pond turtles as a result of the pet trade is a major problem for the conservation of native species in Europe. In Portugal there are two indigenous species, Emys orbicularis and Mauremys leprosa. The second one is considered “endangered” and has a very fragmented distribution. Local Natural Reserve of Paul de Tornada is one of the few places where the specie occurs in the north of the Tagus river. With this study was intended to evaluate the structure and estimate the size of native pond turtle populations in LNR-PT, using capture-recapture techniques with traps. And still, surveys were made in order to analyze the exotic species invasion risk. The results obtained indicate a very vulnerable E. orbicularis population and with very low density. M. leprosa presents a higher abundance, but the aging population is also a worrying factor. Data obtained from this study reveal an extreme importance of the management in this area and concrete conservation measures for native turtle populations were proposed

Adaptability retrieval in artistic learning environments

The current educational paradigm suggests a wide scope of activities with pedagogical potential held in different active learning environments, which impact student achievement. Adaptability as the physical ability of a building to cope with changing activities and requirements, is paramount when regarding artistic schools, lecturing the regular and the music and dance courses. This paper aims to present an original methodological approach on assessing the adaptability of contemporary artistic schools, as a specifc and complex case study on both the activities and spaces to consider. Its purpose is to assess the schools’ ability to cope with the pedagogical and social evolving needs and to conclude on the design attributes that potentially enhance adaptability, for a more lasting and effective building performance. It introduces procedures from different epistemological provinces, for a more supported retrieval of its adaptability, sequentially as follows: 1. Description of the spatial sample, functional and morphological, informs on how it supports activity allocation. A space syntax analysis regarding convex spaces and axial lines, as places and pathways for learning, will provide a thorough understanding of the sample’s morphology and conclude on the relevance of global and local syntactic measures towards activity allocation, spatial cognition and the overall “social logic of space” (Hillier and Hanson, 1984). 2. Description of all possible activity allocations informs on the pedagogical potential of each educational environment, matching all possible activities to the spaces in a feasibility matrix. It considers maximising entropy, informing on the uncertainty of an activity allocation to both convex spaces and axial lines (Coelho and Krüger, 2015). 3. Description of effective events informs on behaviour and appropriation, holding higher relevance in this artistic ambiance. This stage corresponds to an idiographic approach on singularities, while the latter to a nomothetic approach on regularities (Windelband, 1894). 4. Description of the potential correlations amongst each stage, enables the retrieval of the school’s adaptability, understanding a potential correspondence between integration, entropy and behaviour. This methodological framework is expected to be a contribute to knowledge advancement, identifying adaptability in this particular contemporary context and combining distinctive study felds, namely space syntax’s inputs, for its assessment. Also, for the practice, the acknowledgment of the spatial confgurations with higher representativeness towards adaptability could be informative to future designs

[Desta maneyra aplaudidos, saõ celebres, & notórios, tam felices Despozorios, de Reys tam esclarecidos] - The detailed description and important participation of the architect Luís Nunes Tinoco in the royal wedding of D. Pedro II with Maria Sofia de Neuburg (1687)

UID/HIS/04666/2019In the second half of the 17th century, more than in any other period of the Portuguese History, royal weddings were an expression of regal power and a reference in the imaginary of the time. Playing an important role as political propaganda vehicles in the consolidation of the Braganza dynasty, they were also a privileged stage to present artistic solutions in a city that, due to its geographical characteristics, is itself a stage of a strong scenography. Of the marriages then celebrated took special importance the one of D. Afonso VI with Maria Francisca Isabel de Sabóia (1666) and in particular the one of D. Pedro II with Maria Sofia de Neuburgo (1687). In a decorative exuberance that invoked both national heroes and those of the other nations involved (along with the exaltation of the virtues of Lisbon), their ephemeral architectures, inspired by engravings and architectural treatises, were also potential models of inspiration for the architects themselves. Although the feasts of these marriages have already been approached by some authors, continuing our PhD research and the work we have been developing since then, we now intend to highlight some aspects of the participation of the architect Luís Nunes Tinoco (1642/3-1719) in the realization of the royal wedding celebrated in 1697, as architect, illustrator and writer. Describing in a detailed and unusual report the construction and decorative techniques of the arches and other ornaments, among the other texts he composed about these feasts are particularly relevant those he elaborated on the specific characteristics of the Arts, especially on Architecture, which in relation with other texts of his vast work are an essay for an architectural theory, similar to the essays he had written about Painting, already well known to us.publishersversionpublishe

A quality-by-design approach for the understanding of the effect of model antigen on mannose PLGA nanoparticles

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2017A incidência do melanoma tem aumentado relativamente à maioria dos cancros. A redução da sua incidência através de métodos que permitam uma deteção precoce e prevenção do melanoma são da responsabilidade dos profissionais de saúde. As formas tradicionais de tratamento demonstram efeitos secundários muito graves e não atacam somente as células tumorais. Portanto, são necessárias novas estratégias terapêuticas, como as vacinas terapêuticas baseadas em nanopartículas, desenvolvidas tendo em vista o transporte de antigénios tumorais e adjuvantes para células apresentadoras de antigénios, como as células dendríticas. Nanopartículas de poli(ácido láctico-co-glicólico) (PLGA) que têm como ligando um recetor de manose à superfície das células apresentadoras de antigénio, álcool polivinílico ou d-α-tocoferil polietileno glicólico 1000 sucinato como tensioativos e PLGA conjugado com cianina 5,5, foram preparadas por dupla emulsão seguida de evaporação de solvente. Com vista a modificar as caraterísticas físico-químicas das nanopartículas, foram feitas variações na quantidade de manose incorporada. Estas nanopartículas de PLGA funcionalizadas com manose foram investigadas ao nível das suas caraterísticas (tamanho médio, carga superficial e índice de polidispersão) e células dendríticas foram tratadas com estas nanopartículas para avaliação da intensidade da fluorescência. Implementar o conceito de quality-by-design para o desenvolvimento das nanopartículas assegura que a qualidade é mantida. O tamanho médio e o índice de polidispersão foram avaliados por espalhamento dinâmico da luz e o potencial zeta foi determinado por velocimetria laser. O tamanho médio das nanopartículas variaram entre 184,6 a 194,0 nm e a carga superficial entre -2,51 a -1,09 mV. A intensidade de fluorescência média foi medida por citometria de fluxo. Para um melhor entendimento dos parâmetros de processo críticos e dos atributos de qualidade críticos, foi usado um modelo matemático linear. Fator e respostas foram determinados. Um modelo causal preditivo mostrou a importância de todos os fatores e das interações estabelecidas.The incidence of melanoma is increasing at a faster rate than almost all other cancers. The reduction of this incidence through better methods of early detection and prevention of melanoma will be the responsibility of clinicians. Conventional forms of treatment demonstrate severe side effects and do not target tumour cells. Thus, there is a need for new therapeutic strategies. In this context, nanoparticle-based therapeutic vaccine, which target tumour cells and are immunotherapeutic appear as a promising alternative. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles which bind as a mannose receptor to the surface of the antigen-presenting cells, polyvinyl alcohol or d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate and labelled with cyanine5.5 carboxilic acid were prepared by double emulsion with solvent evaporation technique. To modify physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles, variations were made in the amount of incorporated mannose. These mannose functionalized PLGA nanoparticles were investigated for their characteristics and the dendritic cells treated with these nanoparticles were evaluated for fluorescence intensity. Implementing the quality-by-design approach for the development of NPs ensures that quality is sustained. Average size and polydispersity index were assessed by dynamic light scattering and zeta potential was determined by laser doppler velocimetry. Nanoparticle Z-ave varied from 184.6 to 194.0 nm and surface charge varied from -2.51 and -1.09 mV. Median fluorescence intensity was measured by flow cytometry. For better understanding of critical process parameters and critical quality attributes, a mathematical linear modelling approach was used. Factor and responses were determined. A causal predictive model showing the importance of all factors and their interactions was established

Health-related quality of life in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis polyneuropathy: a prospective, observational study

Background Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis Polyneuropathy is a rare life-threatening neurologic disease that imposes considerable mortality and it is associated with progressive related disabilities. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of the disease across health-related quality of life dimensions, in both carriers of the mutation and patients, to compare health-related quality of life with general population, as well as to explore health-related quality of life prognostic factors among patients, including disease progression and treatment. Methods This study was a multi-institutional, longitudinal, prospective, observational study of hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis Polyneuropathy Portuguese adult subjects (621 asymptomatic carriers and 733 symptomatic patients) enrolled in the Transthyretin Amyloidosis Outcomes Survey. Health-related quality of life was captured with the preference-based instrument EQ-5D-3 L. For general population the dataset included all subjects enrolled in a representative national study (n = 1500). Different econometric models were specified; multivariate probit, generalized linear model and generalized estimating equations model; including demographic and clinical covariates. Results Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis Polyneuropathy patients have their health status severely impaired in all quality of life dimensions and more anxiety/depression problems were found among asymptomatic carriers. No differences on utility were found between carriers and general population (p = 0.209). Among patients, the utility value is estimated to be 0.51 (0.021), a decrement of 0.27 as compared with general population utility. Higher disease duration, advanced disease stage and not receiving treatment are associated with impaired health-related quality of life. No differences were found between genders (p = 0.910) or between late (≥50 years) and early-onset patients (p = 0.254). The utility estimate ranged from 0.63 (0.009) in stage I to 0.01 (0.005) in stage IV. Conclusions Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis Polyneuropathy symptoms and progressive associated disabilities substantially decrease patient’s health-related quality of life. Clinical strategies focused on health-related quality of life preservation such as close follow-up of asymptomatic carriers, prompt diagnosis and adequate, early treatment would benefit patient’s long-term outcomes, slowing the progressive decline in health-related quality of life.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio